Carpet manufacturing industry generally uses synthetic
or natural fibres.
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Synthetic
fibres:
The fibres most commonly used in carpet production
are man-made.
Among these, we shall point out the acrylic fibres, very similar
to the wool, which are obtained from a vinyl by-product, the so-called
acrylic nitrile. Colour is added to the melted polymer and it becomes
integral part of the fibre. |
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Such fibres hardly soils, thanks to their scarce absorbency and
have a quite low electrostatic charge; they can also be used in
combination with wool and have a good resistance to alkaline detergents.
The polyamide fibres, instead, are obtained by polycondensation
of acids such as the adipic and the sebacic acids.
The most famous product of this category is the nylon, which is
insoluble in ordinary organic solvents such as alcohol and petrol.
Similar to the silk, it is resilient and has a good abrasion and
wear resistance; it doesn't suffer from moths or moulds attacks.
The transmission of static electricity, however, is elevated. The
maintenance is minimal and cleaning is simple also using alkaline
detergents.
The polypropylene fibres are the result of the polymerization of
ethyl in presence of special catalysts meant to get a polymer.
They have the feature of a great antistatic power and abrasion
resistance.
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Natural
Fibres:
Wool is an animal fibre and it is well known that it derives
from several types of sheep, and of other similar animals.
It doesn't have any electrostatic power and it has a high
thermal insulation. Resilient and extensible, it is absorbent
and fire resistant. It fears the alkaline detergents.
Jute is, instead, a vegetable fibre coming from a plant
of the Tiliaceae family and it has a yellow colour which
can be a pale yellow or a yellow-brown one. It is constituted
by cellulose combined with a substance similar to the tannin
and it is recommended for the production of carpets for
floors subject to great traffic or for rustic furnishings.
The knotting of jute is thick, and since it is very absorbent,
it fears a lot the dampness and consequently it must not
be laid in open or damp places.
The coconut fibre is vegetable as well, very hard and derived
by the fibrous part of the unripe coconut hull. A coconut
carpet is used for rustic environments, or for places submitted
to great straining. |
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